Compiled by Rona G. Giffard, M.D.
Stanford School of Medicine and
Jeffrey Kirsch, M.D.
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Copyright (c) 1996 SNACC All Rights Reserved


*1. Adams RW, Cucchiara RF, Gronert GA, Messick JM, Michenfelder JD: Isoflurane and cerebrospinal fluid pressure in neurosurgical patients. Anesthesiology 54:97-99, 1981

2. Artru AA: Nitrous oxide plays a direct role in the development of tension pneumocephalus intraoperatively. Anesthesiology 57:59-61, 1982

*3. Artru AA: Relationship between cerebral blood volume and CSF pressure during anesthesia with halothane or enflurane in dogs. Anesthesiology 58:533-539, 1983

4. Artru AA: Relationship between cerebral blood volume and CSF pressure during anesthesia with isoflurane or fentanyl in dogs. Anesthesiology 60:575-579, 1984

5. Boop WC,Jr., Knight R: Enflurane anesthesia and changes of intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 48:228-231, 1978

6. Brucia JJ, Owen DC, Rudy EB: The effects of lidocaine on intracranial hypertension. J Neurosci Nurs 24:205-214, 1992

7. Chiolero RL, De Tribolet N: Sedatives and antagonists in the management of severely head-injured patients. Acta Neurochir Suppl 55:43-46, 1992

8. DiGiovanni AJ, Goodrick J, Neigh JL, Harp JR, Kennell EM: The effect of halothane anesthesia on intracranial pressure in the presence of intracranial hypertension. Anesth Analg 53:823-827, 1974

9. Drummond JC, Todd MM, Toutant SM, Shapiro HM: Brain surface protrusion during enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane anesthesia in cats. Anesthesiology 59:288-293, 1983

10. Fitch W, Barker J, Jennett WB, McDowall DG: The influence of neuroleptanalgesic drugs on cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Br J Anaesth 41:800-806, 1969

11. Fitch W, McDowall DG: Effect of halothane on intracranial pressure gradients in the presence of intracranial space-occupying lesions. Br J Anaesth 43:904-912, 1971

12. Gardner AE, Dannemiller FJ, Dean D: Intracranial cerebrospinal fluid pressure in man during ketamine anesthesia. Anesth Analg 51:741-745, 1972

13. Giffin JP, Cottrell JE, Shwiry B, Hartung J, Epstein J, Lim K: Intracranial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate following midazolam or thiopental in humans with brain tumors. Anesthesiology 60:491-494, 1984

14. Grosslight K, Foster R, Colohan AR, Bedford RF: Isoflurane for neuroanesthesia: risk factors for increases in intracranial pressure. Anesthesiology 63:533-536, 1985

15. Henriksen HT, Jorgensen PB: The effect of nitrous oxide on intracranial pressure in patients with intracranial disorders. Br J Anaesth 45:486-492, 1973

16. Herrick IA, Gelb AW, Manninen PH, Reichman H, Lownie S: Effects of fentanyl, sufentanil, and alfentanil on brain retractor pressure. Anesth Analg 72:359-363, 1991

*17. Jennett WB, Barker J, Fitch W, McDowall DG: Effect of anaesthesia on intracranial pressure in patients with space-occupying lesions. Lancet 1:61-64, 1969

18. Jung R, Shah N, Reinsel R, Marx W, Marshall W, Galicich J, Bedford R: Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in patients with brain tumors: impact of fentanyl versus alfentanil during nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia. Anesth Analg 71:419-422, 1990

19. Louis PT, Goddard Finegold J, Fishman MA, Griggs JR, Stein F, Laurent JP: Barbiturates and hyperventilation during intracranial hypertension. Crit Care Med 21:1200-1206, 1993

20. Lutz LJ, Milde JH, Milde LN: The response of the canine cerebral circulation to hyperventilation during anesthesia with desflurane. Anesthesiology 74:504-507, 1991

21. Markovitz BP, Duhaime AC, Sutton L, Schreiner MS, Cohen DE: Effects of alfentanil on intracranial pressure in children undergoing ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision. Anesthesiology 76:71-76, 1992

22. Marshall LF, Shapiro HM: Barbiturate control of intracranial hypertension in head injury and other conditions: iatrogenic coma. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 64:156-157, 1977

23. Moss E: Alfentanil increases intracranial pressure when intracranial compliance is low. Anaesthesia 47:134-136, 1992

24. Pinaud M, Lelausque JN, Chetanneau A, Fauchoux N, Menegalli D, Souron R: Effects of propofol on cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in patients with brain trauma. Anesthesiology 73:404-409, 1990

25. Schalen W, Messeter K, Nordstrom CH: Complications and side effects during thiopentone therapy in patients with severe head injuries. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 36:369-377, 1992

26. Scheller MS, Todd MM, Drummond JC, Zornow MH: The intracranial pressure effects of isoflurane and halothane administered following cryogenic brain injury in rabbits. Anesthesiology 67:507-512, 1987

27. Shapiro HM, Galindo A, Wyte SR, Harris AB: Rapid intraoperative reduction of intracranial pressure with thiopentone. Br J Anaesth 45:1057-1062, 1973

28. Shin YS, Lee KY, Lee KJ, Kim MH, Kim JR, Park KW: Effects of propofol and thiopental sodium on the intracranial pressure under halothane or isoflurane anesthesia in the rabbit. Yonsei Med J 34:152-157, 1993

29. Van Hemelrijck J, Fitch W, Mattheussen M, Van Aken H, Plets C, Lauwers T: Effect of propofol on cerebral circulation and autoregulation in the baboon. Anesth Analg 71:49-54, 1990

30. Vandesteene A, Trempont V, Engelman E, Deloof T, Focroul M, Schoutens A, de Rood M: Effect of propofol on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in man. Anaesthesia 43 Suppl:42-43, 1988

*31. Weeks JB, Todd MM, Warner DS, Katz J: The influence of halothane, isoflurane, and pentobarbital on cerebral plasma volume in hypocapnic and normocapnic rats. Anesthesiology 73:461-466, 1990

32. Werner C, Kochs E, Bause H, Hoffman WE, Schulte am Esch J: Effects of sufentanil on cerebral hemodynamics and intracranial pressure in patients with brain injury. Anesthesiology, 83:721-6, 1995.

33. Wooten TL, Lowrie CT: Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in propofol- and thiopental-anesthetized eucapnic dogs. Vet Surg 22:148-150, 1993

34. Young WL: Effects of desflurane on the central nervous system. Anesth Analg 75:S32-S37, 1992

35. Zornow MH, Scheller MS, Sheehan PB, Strnat MA, Matsumoto M: Intracranial pressure effects of dexmedetomidine in rabbits. Anesth Analg 75:232-237, 1992