1. Abou Madi M, Trop D, Abou Madi N, Ravussin P: Does a bolus of mannitol initially
aggravate intracranial
hypertension? A study at various PaCO2 tensions in dogs. Br J Anaesth 59:630-639, 1987
*2. Cottrell JE, Robustelli A, Post K, Turndorf H: Furosemide- and mannitol-induced
changes in intracranial
pressure and serum osmolality and electrolytes. Anesthesiology 47:28-30, 1977
*3. Darby JM, Nemoto EM, Yonas H, Melick J: Stable xenon does not increase intracranial
pressure in primates
with freeze-injury-induced intracranial hypertension. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 11:522-526,
1991
4. Friesen RH, Honda AT, Thieme RE: Changes in anterior fontanel pressure in preterm
neonates during tracheal
intubation. Anesth Analg 66:874-878, 1987
5. Ghajar J, Hariri RJ, Narayan RK, Iacono LA, Firlik K, Patterson RH: Survey of critical
care management of
comatose, head-injured patients in the United States. Crit Care Med, 23:560-7, 1995
6. Gudeman SK, Miller JD, Becker DP: Failure of high-dose steroid therapy to influence
intracranial pressure in
patients with severe head injury. J Neurosurg 51:301-306, 1979
7. Hartl R, Schurer L, Goetz C, Berger S, Rohrich F, Baethmann A: The effect of hypertonic
fluid resuscitation on
brain edema in rabbits subjected to brain injury and hemorrhagic shock. Shock, 3:274-9, 1995
8. Jensen K, Ohrstrom J, Cold GE, Astrup J: The effects of indomethacin on intracranial
pressure, cerebral blood
flow and cerebral metabolism in patients with severe head injury and intracranial
hypertension. Acta Neurochir
108:116-121, 1991
9. Kelly DF: Steroids in head injury. New Horizons, 3:453-5, 1995.
10. McGraw CP, Alexander E,Jr., Howard G: Effect of dose and dose schedule on the
response of intracranial
pressure to mannitol. Surg Neurol 10:127-130, 1978
*11. Miller JD, Leech P: Effects of mannitol and steroid therapy on intracranial
volume-pressure relationships in
patients. J Neurosurg 42:274-281, 1975
12. Miller JD, Piper IR, Dearden NM: Management of intracranial hypertension in head
injury: matching treatment
with cause. Acta Neurochir Suppl, 57:152-9, 1993
13. Nau R, Sander D, Klingelhofer J: Relationships between dopamine infusions and
intracranial hemodynamics in
patients with raised intracranial pressure. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 94:143-148, 1992
14. Nilsson F, Bjorkman S, Rosen I, Messeter K, Nordstrom CH: Cerebral vasoconstriction
by indomethacin in
intracranial hypertension. An experimental investigation in pigs. Anesthesiology, 83:1283-92,
1995
15. Pollay M, Fullenwider C, Roberts PA, Stevens FA: Effect of mannitol and furosemide on
blood-brain osmotic
gradient and intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 59:945-950, 1983
16. Ravussin P, Abou Madi M, Archer D, Chiolero R, Freeman J, Trop D, De Tribolet N:
Changes in CSF pressure
after mannitol in patients with and without elevated CSF pressure. J Neurosurg 69:869-876,
1988
17. Saul TG, Ducker TB: Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and aggressive treatment
on mortality in severe
head injury. J Neurosurg 56:498-503, 1982
*18. Schwartz ML, Tator CH, Rowed DW, Reid SR, Meguro K, Andrews DF: The
University of Toronto head
injury treatment study: a prospective, randomized comparison of pentobarbital and mannitol.
Can J Neurol Sci
11:434-440, 1984
*19. Walls RM: Rapid-sequence intubation in head trauma. Ann Emerg Med 22:1008-1013,
1993